Please review the samples of projects completed by our writers from a variety of subject areas. Our writers provide original, high quality essays based on your specific assignment requirements, formatting needs, and any additional instructions or requests you provide. Please note that all identifying information has been removed in order to protect our client’s privacy.
**The following essays are examples from actual completed assignments by Essay Central writers. As such, the excerpts have been submitted to a variety of plagiarism detectors, which store the information and will identify the material as plagiarized, and to universities/instructors around the world. Please note that if you use any portion of the following essay excerpts, you will be committing plagiarism. As a result, you will be subject to penalties in accordance with all laws, regulations, and university guidelines, up to and including expulsion from your educational institution.**
History Samples
A History of
Morality: From Acceptability to Law
Historical ideas on morality and what
constitutes moral behavior have translated themselves into modern law. These
moralities are perceived, defined, and constructed into society. In turn, the
criminal justice system has been constructed by the moral codes interpreted by
the majority of a nation. In this country, that has meant that a white,
Christian majority has preset the parameters of what a crime is, as well as
what humanity is. Throughout history societies have looked to protect people
from deviant behaviors. What changes a deviant behavior to a crime? Moses
emerged from the mountain with the Ten Commandments (sounding very similar
to Hammurabi's 20 Laws) that extolled the commandments of Yahweh, the Jewish
god. Most of us understand that
"thou shalt not kill" is explanatory enough to be considered a crime.
In the commandment, no single ethnic group is singled out. Yahweh did not
say, "thou shalt not kill anyone of the same color as you." Yet,
many societies have precipitated, even encouraged, that very idea- skin
color different from yours is okay to persecute and kill. Because
of differing cultures and beliefs, history is full of atrocities of one
ethnic group against another. Simply by virtue of his birth, Moses was
considered a criminal in Egyptian society. Then he became the bearer of right
and wrong for the Jewish community. So
why in one society is a behavior or an ethnic group deviant but not in the
other? Where is the logic in who decides what is or is not a crime? Is it a man
such as Moses, or is some divine power at work?
We the People
“We the people” begins the preamble to the
Constitution of the United States. It is not “We some of the people” or “We the
wealthy people” or “We the white people,” but all of the people. When Jefferson
wrote the Declaration of Independence, he did not say some of the men are
created equal; he said all of the people are created equal. Unfortunately,
since the ratification of the Constitution in 1784, these words have not always
held true. Class, gender, and ethnic groups determined a person’s equality in
the United States. The founding fathers were basing the new country they were
leading on the basis that everyone would have freedom in the United States of
America. It is interesting to consider if they were including everyone when
they were drafting and signing the revolutionary documents mentioned previously
or if they were subconsciously only considering white men since that would be
their common worldview. Because while the documents state “all men,” they have
historically been interpreted to mean “all white men (and not women, either).”
The Development of
the American Prison System
The
beginning of the prison system dates back to founding of this country and
slavery. There have been racial, political, and economical motivations embedded
within the evolution of the modern penal system since the onset of its
implementation. The penal system stand as a representation of how American
society has determined how people are to be treated and who deserves a second
chance to be a “productive member of society.” Slavery, convict leasing, racism,
and supermax prisons, combined with the development of the prison system
itself, are examples of how society has decided that some people do not count.
Most people coming from Britain when the
colonies were initially being populated were prisoners. One-quarter of the
people coming to the United States from Britain were convicts, and by the 1720s
most cities and counties in the colonies had detention houses. Others were
“kidnapped, arrested, tricked, or bound as servants.” (Gottschalk, p.43)
Sociology and
Psychology Samples
Poverty,
pregnancy, and domestic violence: Women at risk
Domestic violence is a crime that has no
boundaries in terms of its victims. Women and men of any age, gender, or
socioeconomic class can be the victims of domestic violence. There are factors,
however, that raise the risk of a person’s chances of being the victim of
domestic violence. Of these, women that live in poverty or that are pregnant
make up a large percentage of those that are subjected to violence by their
intimate partner. There are many reasons that women stay in abusive
relationships rather than escaping them, and they are related to the abuse
itself. Domestic violence against women that are poor or pregnant is a
complicated problem that involves victims not leaving abusive situations, how
the abuse of poor women affects their ability to become more affluent, the
psychological impacts to both abused women and to children, and how the impact
on the economy affects society.
The
abuse of women by their partner has effects on all of these different areas of
society and people. To understand the impact domestic violence has, it is
important to understand some of the facts about domestic violence, how men
abuse women, and some reasons why women do not leave abusive relationships.
The American Family:
Today’s Response to the 1950s Sitcom Family
Since the beginning of the 20th
century, there have been significant changes to the historically accepted roles
of men and women in American families. Throughout the 1900s and into the 21st
century, the number of women entering the work force has increased, creating
situations where men and women have had to redefine their traditional roles as
mothers and fathers. In addition to the changing roles due to women joining the
work force, divorce and the birth of children outside of marriage have also
contributed to the changing roles within American families. The increasing
prevalence of families adopting roles different from the historical norm has
had a dramatic effect on several facets of society, including the economy,
traditional roles of mothers and fathers, and education.
According to Fraser (1989),
“Families are a set of primary relationships – biological, emotional, social,
economic, and legal” (p. 1). The effects of change in traditional roles of the
American family can be seen in economic terms. As the 20th century
progressed, it became impossible for one income to be enough to raise a family.
Each parent must work in order for the household income to be enough to take
care of the family (Fraser, 1989, p. 3). The divorce rate also has an effect on
the economy. Except for a brief time during the 1950s, it has continued to
increase since 1900. Another factor contributing to the change in homes is the
increase in the number of families headed by single parents (typically
mothers). In 1960, 75% of family households included two parents, but by 2000
only 53% of families were headed by both parents (Klein, 2004, p. 1). These two
factors have made it necessary for women to be able to support themselves under
any circumstances, without being able to rely on their partner for financial
help and security. Women now need to be able to provide their own health
coverage and paychecks in order to provide their own financial security
(Fraser, 1989, p. 4). There are other factors to consider as well, such as day
care and the cost of having higher numbers of children that influences women’s
choices on motherhood.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Limiting the Melting
Pot
Immigrating
to the United States from a different nation such as Mexico often results in
culture shock. For instance, a child from a poor, rural area of Mexico can have
a difficult time adjusting to the United States and American pop culture. The
United States, even in its poorest areas, is a much different place than rural
Mexico. In general, America looks like a land filled with the middle to
upper-middle class. For a child, these differences can make it difficult to
acclimate to a new culture. Technology, television, and convenience are three
elements of American pop culture that can contribute to a poor child from
Mexico’s inability to adjust to life in the United States.
Technology is everywhere in the United States
and contributes to the attitudes and beliefs of American popular culture.
Almost every classroom has a computer, and people on the street walk around
talking on cell phones, texting on Blackberries, and listening to iPods. A
Mexican immigrant child, coming from a rural area, is likely to have not been
exposed to this type of technology usage in everyday life. Aside from trying to
fit into an education system where English language is necessary, immigrant
children must also quickly catch up to the technological abilities of their
American peers. Teachers assume students are capable of using computers, and
many students have computers in their homes. The computer is used in American
curriculum, and it is also expected to be used in many homework assignments,
such as for typing essays. Computers, cell phones, PDAs, and other devices are
examples of technological devices that contribute to popular culture unfamiliar
with Mexican children, but there are others as well.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Education Samples
Education
Organizations and Communication
The system of education is a unique
organizational model. It involves many different offices and different types of
people holding managerial roles intertwined with one another. Teachers manage
classrooms, principals manage teachers, politicians manage curriculum, and
parents manage homework and students. With declining test scores and the
overall trend of the American education system losing effectiveness, these
roles are becoming more important to examine from an organizational behavior
perspective. Each role in an education organization is affected by the attitude
and beliefs of the managers, and communication is the key to improving
education and solving organizational problems.
Parents are the central focus of an
educational organization. Drummond and Stipek (2004) stated that “Parent
involvement figures centrally in national goals for improving education and in
many current school reform models” (p. 197). A parent’s belief in their
influence on education, and whether or not it helps their child, influences
their behavior in the organization (Drummond and Stipek, 2004, p. 201). This
behavior includes how involved a parent will be, volunteering for school
functions, and helping with homework and studying. This is important because
“Middle-class parents are increasingly expected to cultivate every aspect of
their children’s social and intellectual facilities (Jacobs and Winslow, 2004,
p. 107). There are outside factors affecting “the ability of parents,
especially working mothers, to balance commitment to their jobs and families”
(Jacobs and Winslow, 2004, p. 107). This, in turn, affects the role of a parent
as education manager. With other commitments, responsibilities, and worries,
parents need to be made to feel that their contribution to their child’s
education is essential for success. In the organizational model of education,
teachers are the most influential managers in this sense to communicate this
message to parents.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Philosophy Samples
Rousseau’s Downfall
of Natural Man
As one of the foremost philosopher
of the Age of Enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the most popular
ideas of his time and his peers. The leaders of the Enlightenment were
interested in modernization and industrialization. Although the Enlightenment,
or Age of Reason, was focused on intellect, education, and the reduction of
religion, Rousseau based many of his theories and beliefs on keeping man in a
natural state. This natural state was largely based on man relying on ignorance
to maintain goodness. Rousseau blamed the focus of the Age of Enlightenment on
education, modernization, and industrialization for the downfall of man and
natural goodness. In the Discourse on
Inequality and Emile, two of
Rousseau’s most famous works, he addresses man’s natural state and the
influences of society and culture on this state.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Economics Samples
Stimulating Employment
Unemployment and welfare benefits have
increased in the past few years as the unemployment rate in the United States
has climbed to its highest in years. In order to provide jobs for a chance to
work and make money instead of needing government assistance, people must be
able to work in the industries and for the companies that are not currently
suffering financially. This requires training for either the unemployed or
those who have not been in the work force. By utilizing training, people can help
themselves gain a marketable skill and stop needing assistance from the
government. Training people for positions in order for them to get work and
stop receiving unemployment or welfare benefits will help workers, companies,
and the government.
The state of the economy is making it
necessary for people to train to gain new skills and get jobs in different
fields. The unemployment rate for the United States is the highest it has been
in thirty years. This has resulted in an increase in the amount of unemployment
and welfare benefits being paid out. A large contributing factor to the
increase in assistance payments is due to today’s economy. While not the only
reason that government benefits are needed, some people are losing their jobs
because companies are being forced to cut back and lay workers off.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Neighborhood Housing
Trends Analysis
Introduction
The following information was collected and
analyzed on the neighborhood located around 245 SW Lincoln St., Portland,
Oregon 97201. This neighborhood is located in Multnomah County, census tract
57. This tract is zoned General I Commercial. The land size is 298,240 acres.
An explanation of demographic factors, which
are affecting the supply and demand of the neighborhood market, is provided.
The analysis includes explanations on two supply-side trends affecting the
housing market and also two demand-side trends affecting the housing market.
After forming a preliminary hypothesis on
each of the trends described, industry professionals were contacted in order to
discuss the analysis of the trend and its corresponding hypothesis to gain
their insight on the current trends for this neighborhood. A summary of these
interviews is included.
At the conclusion of the analysis, a review
is taken of all of the presented information and possible revisions are
discussed.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Consumer Confidence
and Consumer Spending: An Interdependent Relationship
There are several factors that influence the
macroeconomics of a nation. Consumer spending is one such factor. In turn,
there are many factors that influence consumer spending. Among them, interest
rates, credit card use and consumer confidence exemplify how consumer spending
affects an overall economy. Each factor is also interconnected with the others.
They each influence the other, and when one changes they all tend to change.
When the consumer confidence changes it affects consumer spending and causes
changes to credit card usage; the interest rate is affected by each of these
changes; and an increase or decrease in interest rates changes consumer
spending habits.
Consumer confidence is one way that the
supply and demand curve can be manipulated. According to Ludvigson, “household
attitudes influence the real economy” (p. 1). Consumer sentiment, or
confidence, impacts consumer spending. Even with an increase in jobs and
income, if consumers are concerned with high mortgage rates, high gas prices,
and have inflation concerns, they will spend less and save more. The lack of
economic activity results in a recession-like economy. When consumers feel that
there is no stability in their income, job, or net worth (usually due to
falling property values), they are less confident in spending (Kiplinger).
When consumer spending stops increasing and
begins to stay at constant rate, it usually indicates that a recession will
soon affect the economy (Reynolds and White). A recession then affects interest
rates. In fact, “The Federal Reserve warned that a recession believed already
to be underway could last until mid-2009 or later. That’s likely to mean
interest rates will be cut again, soon, the central bank indicated” (Reynolds
and White).
Environmental Science
Samples
The Foundation of
Man’s Relationship with Nature Today: Contributions from 1600 to 1930
The relationship between people and the environment
in the United States began forming when the Euroamerican colonists settled in
New England. From the introduction of Native Americans to domesticated
livestock in the early seventeenth century to the federal government’s
implementation of conservation programs in the twentieth century, Euroamericans
shaped not just their own society, but influenced the present as well. There
were a variety of factors that contributed to the formation of society as it is
known today. Each of these factors, in turn, influenced the others, and changes
in one of them had an impact on the rest. Chronologically, they became
extensions of one another, building off of the changes to the people and
environment relationship formed in the century before. The economic, religious,
moral, political, and ecological choices and policies put into place from the
colonists to the people of the twentieth century, combined with the divisions
and definitions of social classes and the effects of these factors on both
humans and nature, laid the foundation for the relationship between people and
the environment that is seen today.
There are several examples from 1600
to 1920 that are representative of the ways that the relationship between
people and nature was manipulated and altered. The near extinction of the
indigenous bison, the introduction of domesticated livestock to the Native
Americans by Euroamericans, the building of the Erie Canal, the rise of Chicago
as America’s second city and the major economic force of the country’s interior,
and the implementation of conservation programs exemplify how each of the
contributing factors intertwined to create an altered, artificial environment
for people.
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Save on Gas Blog
The
cost of gas has skyrocketed in the past few years, and we are all aware of the
repercussions that excessive fuel emissions cause to the environment. So, car
manufacturers, environmental groups, financial groups, and every day citizens
have been trying to find ways to fix the problem and come up with ways for cars
to use less gas.
There are a lot of tips out there
for saving on gas mileage and saving your money instead of pouring it into your
gas tank. You can turn the air conditioner down, inflate your tires, use your
cruise control, and so on. There are also a lot of new engineering innovations
that are reducing the amount of gas cars use of replacing it with another form
of energy like electricity. But even with electric cars, which can only go for
40 miles at the most on a charge, there is a back-up gas tank and all the gas
saving tips you can find still don’t keep fuel emissions from the air or money
from coming out of your pocket.
So maybe it’s time to take a lesson
from some of the countries overseas. Maybe America just isn’t thinking about
saving gas money and the environment in the right way. Instead of saving gas or
coming up with a way to use a different kind of fuel for our cars, maybe it’s
time to get rid of our cars!
Electric bikes are a hit in China.
There are so many cars there, that there’s ridiculous rush hour traffic
congestion and a thick haze of gas in the air. But now, China is embracing the
electric bike. It doesn’t use gas, it gets them to work, and it saves the
environment. In fact, instead of a car, isn’t just a plain old-fashioned pedal
bike sometimes better and more efficient?
Okay, so it isn’t always going to be
practical to replace your car with an electric bike or a horse and buggy. Some
commuters travel too far to use this type of eco-friendly transportation. But
for the times that you just need to run up to the corner store, why not hop on
an electric scooter and save a few quarters and some air quality?
If you are ready to order a Custom Essay or Custom Term paper right now, simply click Custom Essays.
Miscellaneous Samples
Jack Russell Terriers
The intelligence of this breed seems to have
no boundaries. Jack Russells pick up on training as though it is a game. This
dog craves to be stimulated mentally at all times. Special tricks are no
problem. Jack Russells can easily learn to dance on their two hind feet, fetch
a certain toy by name, catch a ball out of mid-air, and more. Their recollections
of lessons learned are not lost from day to day, either. On the contrary, they
seem to have more memory space than a Dell P.C. After a special trick or
routine is learned, it becomes a remembered habit. Even conventionally
time-consuming and frustrating lessons such as housebreaking can be easily
learned by Jacks. With proper teaching technique, a Jack Russell puppy can be
fully housebroken within a month or two of adoption (Jack Russell Dogs, 2008).
Although these dogs can become bored without enough mental stimulation, they do
love to learn (Leong, 2008). A constant learning relationship between dog and
master is just what the doctor ordered. Obedience training classes are another
good option for Jack Russell terriers (Bender, 2006). These dogs tend to enjoy
the mental challenge that obedience classes can provide them with. Attending
these classes can be a good opportunity for owner and dog to bond as well.
Easy care is yet another great feature of
owning a Jack Russell. As an owner of a
Jack Russell, I can attest that they are by far one of the easiest dogs to care
for. The amount of grooming required by these dogs is minimal. The dogs have a smooth, short-haired coat
that requires very little maintenance. Although Jack Russells do shed all year
round, brushing is an easy solution that can help minimize hair shedding
(Webmaster, 2008). Another great feature is how small these dogs are even when
they are full grown. Available living space is not a concern; Jack Russells can
easily live in small homes or apartments. They fit nice and snug in any size
home. However, these dogs are active and like to exercise (Webmaster, 2008). As
long as an owner has time to provide his/her Jack with space to play in, the
terrier can be perfectly content in a smaller living area most of the time.
As is the case with any dog breed, Jack Russells require certain care. For instance, monthly baths are necessary. As stated earlier, these dogs are very playful, and as such can lose their puppy smell quite quickly. Since Jack Russells are natural born diggers and have a tendency to get dirty, one must understand that bathing more than once a month may be required. Jacks love to cuddle with and sleep by their owners, and as the saying goes, "A clean Jack makes a happy owner." Also, it is important for owners to make sure to take their Jacks to a veterinarian.